1 Introduction
Cardiovascular disease is the most threatening human life in modern industrial society. There are more than 40 million coronary heart disease patients in China's cities and towns. Because of the sudden onset of heart disease, the loss of valuable early diagnosis and treatment time, leading to advanced disease, even sudden cardiac death on the spot, resulting in high medical costs, bringing a heavy financial burden to society and individual families. Therefore, daily cardiac monitoring is an important means to ensure the safety of patients' lives. Precautionary signs are found in advance through daily monitoring, and timely treatment is given.
Tsinghua University Shenzhen Graduate School of Embedded Systems and Technology Lab developed a remote ECG monitoring system to remotely monitor and care for heart disease ECG. The program combines signal acquisition, data transmission (GSM/GPRS network, Bluetooth, Internet network), ECG signal computer analysis and ECG medical theory, PDA mobile computing technology, database and other technologies to meet hospitals and Patient requirements for remote monitoring of ECG signals.
The patient can wear a heart monitor at home or on the go, and can send ECG data to the hospital's monitoring center at any time via the GPRS network, or the doctor can use the PDA to collect the patient's ECG data for diagnosis. The doctor of the monitoring center obtains the patient's ECG data in real time, and then sends the diagnosis result to the patient's mobile heart monitor through the GSM network through the short message after diagnosis. With the rise of the new ApplICaTIon Services Provider (ASP) model, the remote ECG monitoring system operates in ASP mode by building an operating platform and application software system, which can be used as a future digital hospital, telemedicine, social/community A service component of disease support. This article will introduce our complete set of remote ECG monitoring software systems.
2 The overall structure of the remote ECG monitoring system
The overall topology of the remote ECG monitoring system is shown in Figure 1. The whole system is divided into three parts: mobile monitor front end, medical PDA, hospital central server. The mobile monitor is used for data acquisition and transmission of patient patients, simple processing and display of ECG information; the PDA mobile monitoring device used by doctors has the function of receiving patient ECG signal data and receiving data from the hospital central server, and can signal Do a certain analysis and processing; the hospital central server is responsible for the entire ECG information management system, receiving patient ECG signal data, scheduling doctor PDA, comprehensive detection and analysis of ECG signals, and responsible for linking with medical management information system MIS.
Overall topology of the remote ECG monitoring system
The mobile monitor of the user end measures the cardiac electrophysiological signal of the patient, and transmits the monitoring data to the central ECG information processing system of the hospital through the GPRS mobile communication network, or transmits it to the PDA of the exclusive doctor, or wirelessly transmits it to the site through Bluetooth. On the doctor's PDA. The hospital central ECG information processing system receives the patient's data access request, dispatches the doctor's work, assigns the patient to each doctor, and transmits the corresponding patient's ECG processing data to the doctor's PDA. The hospital central ECG information processing system is also responsible for maintaining the ECG medical database and linking the hospital medical management information system MIS.
Compared with the hospital central ECG information processing system, the medical PDA is a small mobile ECG information processing platform, and the PDA also has the functions of signal data receiving and analysis processing. After receiving the dispatch information of the central ECG processing system of the hospital, the doctor diagnoses the patient's condition remotely and goes to the patient site to see the doctor according to the situation; or the PDA directly receives the ECG data of the exclusive patient through GPRS, and can also transmit wirelessly through Bluetooth. The technical site receives the patient's ECG data and performs ECG automatic analysis, detection and diagnosis directly on the PDA.
3 mobile monitor software
The mobile monitor collects the user's ECG (electrocardiogram signal) in real time. When the user's heart is abnormal, it will automatically alarm and send the user ECG data to the hospital central ECG information processing system or doctor PDA through GPRS or Bluetooth. The hardware of the mobile monitor consists of the following components: ECG signal acquisition module, main control CPU PIC, GSM/GPRS module WISMO Q2406, flash memory, LCD display.
The flow chart of the mobile monitor front-end software is shown in Figure 2. A total of nine software modules are implemented: data acquisition, simple digital filtering of ECG signals, simple detection and identification of ECG signals, ECG data compression, ECG packet encapsulation, and Flash file system. , USB drive, GPRS or Bluetooth transceiver module, LCD display module.
The CPU puts the sampled data ECG signal into the FIFO in the RAM area, and performs some simple detection and identification on the signal, mainly: arrhythmia analysis (heart rate, sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, ventricular premature contraction) PVC, atrial pre-contraction APC, leakage and arrest), provide the basis for the alarm; ST segment analysis, first locate the R wave, and then determine the ST segment level and slope. The monitor's LCD displays: simple ECG analysis results (heart rate, arrhythmia analysis results, ST-segment voltage, QRS complex time and amplitude, etc.), date and time, system status (whether the alarm is sound, battery level, current Whether it is recording and sending, etc.). The single chip PIC is mainly responsible for data acquisition, noise filtering and signal analysis; WISMOQ2406 is mainly responsible for data compression, data packing and data transmission.
Mobile monitor front-end software flow chart
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