Electronic enthusiasts: This article describes a number of microprocessor MCU and smart card cracking methods: including known non-intrusive attacks such as power analysis and noise interference as well as intrusive attacks such as reverse engineering and micro-probe analysis. And discussed a number of protection technologies, including low-cost stealth methods to new integrated circuit design methods.
background knowledge:
Evolution of silicon chip security measures
The hardware security measures of industrial controllers began to develop at the same time as embedded systems. The system thirty years ago consisted of separate components such as CPU, ROM, RAM, I/O buffers, serial ports and other communication and control interfaces. As shown in Figure 1-1:
Figure 1-1 General-purpose embedded controller. Each component on the PCB is easily distinguishable and easily replicated.
In the early days, with the exception of law and the economy, there were few protective measures to prevent others from copying these devices. For example, ROM is manufactured using low-cost mask technology, which can be easily copied with EPROM, but the latter is usually 3-10 times more expensive or through custom mask ROM, which takes a long time and is very large. investment. The other is a simple ASIC widely used in game consoles, as shown in Figure 1-2. These ASICs are primarily used in the I/O section to replace dozens of logic devices, reducing cost while preventing competitors from replicating, making them have to apply larger and more expensive solutions. In fact, ASICs are not safer. Using an oscilloscope to simply analyze signals or exhaust all possible pin combinations can tell about its specific function in a matter of hours.
Figure 1-2 Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) in the game console
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