Researchers have developed curved UWB antennas with limited space saving
Compact antennas usually use 1/4 of the wavelength of the transmitted signal, but engineers at Virgina Tech University claim that the size of the UWB antenna is reduced by 2.5 times.
The compact UWB antenna (CUA) has a curved multi-element shape, which is twisted inside a sphere whose diameter is only 1/10 of the wavelength of the transmitted signal.
"We need to understand how to build a UWB antenna that is close to the size limit, and the CUA invention has achieved this by fully using a special size diameter," said Warren Stutzman, an engineering professor at Virginia Tech University.
The shape of the CUA seems to extend along an antenna unit, which looks longer than the diameter, and then twisted inside the antenna shield or protective cover.
Figure: The compact ultra-wideband antenna of Virginia Tech University fully utilizes the size inside its protective cover.
According to Yang's disclosure, the antenna achieves almost optimal UWB performance, and realizes the transmission of high-bandwidth data like video signals in a short distance with low energy consumption. In addition, there are other 10: 1 bandwidth antennas, such as helical and log-period designs. However, Yang claims that those antennas will not work in radar applications, and CUA will work in pulsed radar systems.
For CUA, the key is how to use the spherical size to absorb the theoretical maximum amount of signal energy.
Unlike traditional amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, or similar modulation schemes, UWB uses pulsed transmission to encode information by generating RF energy at a specific time across a large bandwidth. This technique is called pulse positioning or time modulation.
The basic theory used by CUA is that the UWB antenna maintains a relatively constant distance from the arm by using an arm that wraps around a metal core. In low-cost applications, the design may be etched inside the radome, or may be constructed from curves or curved tubes.
"The antenna has an instantaneous bandwidth of 10: 1," Yang said. "It can be used in frequency domain, multi-bandwidth, multi-channel applications, and time-domain or pulse applications."
Typical 10: 1 bandwidth antenna designs, such as helical antennas, will not work in pure radar applications, Yang said, because they cannot maintain even group speeds across their entire frequency band. However, CUA overcomes the limitation of group velocity by making better use of the entire three-dimensional space in the radome, not just a flat area.
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