Recently, the team of Jin Xianmin of Shanghai Jiaotong University successfully conducted the first seawater quantum communication experiment. It was observed that the photon polarization quantum state and quantum entanglement can maintain the quantum characteristics in seawater. The feasibility of underwater quantum communication was verified by experiments for the first time in the world. It is an important step to establish an integrated underwater and air-sea quantum communication network in the future. The results were published in the latest issue of Optics Express magazine and were listed as editorial recommendations.
At present, quantum communication based on optical fibers and free-space atmospheric channels has proven to be feasible. So, can the ocean be used as a quantum channel? Jin Xianmin explained to the Science and Technology Daily reporter that although the effects of scattering and loss of photons caused by suspended matter and salinity in seawater are much greater than those of fiber optics and the atmosphere, in fact, seawater also has a blue-green loss with low photon transmission. Window, and it can be detected by a commercial single photon detector. Therefore, seawater-based quantum communication is theoretically feasible. “And, without the ocean, the global quantum communication network is incomplete.â€
In the latest experiments, they chose the polarization of photons as the carrier of information coding, and through simulations, under very large loss and scattering, the polarization-encoded photons will only be lost without quantum bit flipping. That is to say, even if it experiences a huge channel loss of seawater, it can be used to establish a security key as long as a small number of single photons survive.
The current results show that underwater quantum communication can reach hundreds of meters. Although the channel is short, it can communicate securely to submarine and sensor network nodes of the underwater 100-meter level, even if it is a few meters deep from underwater. The confidential communication of satellites and aircraft is also a step further than the previous view that seawater is a “forbidden zoneâ€. Therefore, it can “show its talents†in the military and other fields.
Jin Xianmin pointed out that although it is only the first step toward underwater quantum communication, there is still a long distance from the practical underwater and air-sea integrated quantum communication connection and network, but "the latest research proves that the realization of quantum communication technology is in heaven. The future picture of the land, the sea, and the sea can be expected."
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