The lighting electric light source is generally divided into incandescent lamps, gas discharge lamps and other electric light sources. In the green lighting project, various light sources can be selected according to specific conditions.
1. Incandescent lamp
1. Ordinary incandescent lamps are commonly used incandescent light bulbs. Features: good color rendering (Ra=100), bright light, continuous dimming, simple structure, low price, but short life and low light efficiency. Uses: bedroom, living room, lobby, rooms, shops, restaurants, walkways, conference rooms, courtyards. Usage: desk lamp, ceiling lamp, wall lamp, bedside lamp, corridor lamp. 2. Tungsten halogen lamp A gas-filled incandescent lamp containing a portion of a halogen element or halide within a gas. With all the characteristics of general lighting incandescent lamps, light efficiency and life expectancy more than double than ordinary lighting, and small size. Uses: conference rooms, exhibition halls, living rooms, commercial lighting, film and television stage, instrumentation, automobiles, airplanes and other special lighting. Second, the discharge lamp (discharge lamp) 1. Low pressure (vapor) discharge lamp (1) fluorescent lamp (3). Fluorescent lamp commonly known as fluorescent lamp features: high luminous efficiency, long life, good light color. Fluorescent lamps have straight tube type, ring type, compact type, etc. They are energy-saving lighting sources with a wide range of applications. Replacing incandescent lamps with straight tube type fluorescent lamps, saving 70 to 90% of electricity, and 5 to 10 times longer life; upgrading straight-tube fluorescent lamps, saving 15 to 50%; replacing incandescent lamps with compact fluorescent lamps, saving electricity 70 ~80%, long lifespan 5 to 10 times; (2) low pressure sodium (vapor) lamp characteristics: high luminous efficiency, long life, high lumen maintenance, high fogging, but poor color rendering . Uses: Tunnels, ports, docks, mines and other lighting.
4. High intensity discharge lamp (HID)
High-intensity discharge lamps include: fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, and metal halide lamps.
(1) Fluorescent high pressure mercury lamp features: long life, relatively low cost.
Uses: Road lighting, indoor and outdoor industrial lighting, commercial lighting.
(2) High-pressure sodium lamp features: long life, high light efficiency, and strong fogging.
Uses: road lighting, flood lighting, square lighting, industrial lighting and so on.
(3) Characteristics of metal halide lamps: long life, high luminous efficiency, and good color rendering.
Uses: industrial lighting, urban lighting engineering lighting, commercial lighting, stadium lighting and road lighting.
(4) Characteristics of ceramic metal halide lamps: The performance is better than that of ordinary metal halide lamps.
Uses: shopping malls, showcases, key displays, and commercial street lighting.
5. High-frequency electrodeless lamp (electrodeless lamp)
Features: Long life (40,000-80000 hours), no electrode, instant start and restart, no flicker, good color rendering.
Uses: Public buildings, shops, tunnels, pedestrian streets, pole street lights, security and security lighting, and other outdoor lighting.
6. Halogen bulb Halogen lamp, also known as tungsten halogen bulb, is a kind of incandescent lamp. The principle is to inject iodine or bromine and other halogen gases into the bulb. At high temperatures, the evaporated tungsten chemically reacts with the halogen, and the evaporated tungsten will resolidify on the tungsten filament to form a balanced cycle, preventing the tungsten filament from breaking prematurely. Therefore halogen bulbs live longer than incandescent lamps. In addition, halogen bulbs can also operate at higher temperatures than incandescent lamps. Their brightness and efficiency are also higher. However, ordinary glass may soften at this temperature. Therefore halogen bulbs need to use quartz glass with a higher melting point. Since quartz glass cannot block ultraviolet light, halogen bulbs usually require an additional ultraviolet filter. If there is oil in the crystal glass on the halogen bulb, it will cause different temperature on the glass and reduce the life of the bulb. Therefore, when replacing halogen bulbs, avoid touching the glass of the lamp with your hands.
ã€cordless lamp】
MIT researchers conducted a "wireless light bulb" experiment on June 10, 2007. The research team led by Sorja Gishek used two copper coils as resonators, one coil connected to the power supply as a transmitter, and the other connected to the desk lamp as a receiver. As a result, they successfully lit a 60-watt electric lamp that was 2.13 meters away from the transmitter. Moreover, experiments have shown that the “radio energy transmission†technology is not harmful to humans because the electromagnetic field only affects the items that can resonate with it.
[LED lights]
The structure and light-emitting principle of the LED 50 years ago, people have learned the basic knowledge that semiconductor materials can generate light. The first commercial diode was produced in 1960. LED is the abbreviation of English light emitting diode (LED), its basic structure is an electroluminescent semiconductor material, placed on a leaded shelf, and then sealed with epoxy resin around to protect the internal core Role, so the LED's seismic performance is good.
The LED structure diagram is shown in the figure below. The core part of the LED is a wafer composed of a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor. There is a transition layer between the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor, which is called a pn junction. In the PN junction of some semiconductor materials, the injected minority carrier and the majority carrier compound will release the excess energy in the form of light, thereby converting the electrical energy directly into light energy. The PN junction increases the reverse voltage, making it difficult for minority carriers to inject, so it does not emit light. This kind of diode made by the principle of injection electroluminescence is called light emitting diode, commonly known as LED. When it is in the forward working state (ie, the forward voltage is applied at both ends), the current flows from the anode of the LED to the cathode, and the semiconductor crystal emits light of different colors from ultraviolet to infrared. The intensity of the light is related to the current.
LED light source features 1. Voltage: LED uses a low voltage power supply, the supply voltage is between 6-24V, varies from product to product, so it is a safer power source than using a high voltage power supply, especially suitable for public places.
2. Efficiency: 80% less energy than incandescent lamps with the same efficacy
3. Applicability: Very small, each unit LED chip is a 3-5mm square, so it can be prepared into a variety of shapes of the device, and is suitable for a variable environment4. Stability: 100,000 hours, light decay is the initial 50%
5. Response time: The response time of its incandescent lamp is milliseconds, and the LED lamp response time is nanoseconds. Environmental pollution: No harmful metallic mercury 7. Color: change the current can change color, light-emitting diodes easily through chemical modification methods, adjust the energy band structure and band gap, to achieve multi-color red orange green blue light. If the LED is a red LED with a small current, it can turn orange, yellow, and finally green 8 as the current increases. Price: The price of LED is relatively expensive. Compared with incandescent lamps, the price of several LEDs can be equivalent to the price of an incandescent lamp. Generally, each set of signal lamps needs to consist of 300 to 500 diodes.
1. Incandescent lamp
1. Ordinary incandescent lamps are commonly used incandescent light bulbs. Features: good color rendering (Ra=100), bright light, continuous dimming, simple structure, low price, but short life and low light efficiency. Uses: bedroom, living room, lobby, rooms, shops, restaurants, walkways, conference rooms, courtyards. Usage: desk lamp, ceiling lamp, wall lamp, bedside lamp, corridor lamp. 2. Tungsten halogen lamp A gas-filled incandescent lamp containing a portion of a halogen element or halide within a gas. With all the characteristics of general lighting incandescent lamps, light efficiency and life expectancy more than double than ordinary lighting, and small size. Uses: conference rooms, exhibition halls, living rooms, commercial lighting, film and television stage, instrumentation, automobiles, airplanes and other special lighting. Second, the discharge lamp (discharge lamp) 1. Low pressure (vapor) discharge lamp (1) fluorescent lamp (3). Fluorescent lamp commonly known as fluorescent lamp features: high luminous efficiency, long life, good light color. Fluorescent lamps have straight tube type, ring type, compact type, etc. They are energy-saving lighting sources with a wide range of applications. Replacing incandescent lamps with straight tube type fluorescent lamps, saving 70 to 90% of electricity, and 5 to 10 times longer life; upgrading straight-tube fluorescent lamps, saving 15 to 50%; replacing incandescent lamps with compact fluorescent lamps, saving electricity 70 ~80%, long lifespan 5 to 10 times; (2) low pressure sodium (vapor) lamp characteristics: high luminous efficiency, long life, high lumen maintenance, high fogging, but poor color rendering . Uses: Tunnels, ports, docks, mines and other lighting.
4. High intensity discharge lamp (HID)
High-intensity discharge lamps include: fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, and metal halide lamps.
(1) Fluorescent high pressure mercury lamp features: long life, relatively low cost.
Uses: Road lighting, indoor and outdoor industrial lighting, commercial lighting.
(2) High-pressure sodium lamp features: long life, high light efficiency, and strong fogging.
Uses: road lighting, flood lighting, square lighting, industrial lighting and so on.
(3) Characteristics of metal halide lamps: long life, high luminous efficiency, and good color rendering.
Uses: industrial lighting, urban lighting engineering lighting, commercial lighting, stadium lighting and road lighting.
(4) Characteristics of ceramic metal halide lamps: The performance is better than that of ordinary metal halide lamps.
Uses: shopping malls, showcases, key displays, and commercial street lighting.
5. High-frequency electrodeless lamp (electrodeless lamp)
Features: Long life (40,000-80000 hours), no electrode, instant start and restart, no flicker, good color rendering.
Uses: Public buildings, shops, tunnels, pedestrian streets, pole street lights, security and security lighting, and other outdoor lighting.
6. Halogen bulb Halogen lamp, also known as tungsten halogen bulb, is a kind of incandescent lamp. The principle is to inject iodine or bromine and other halogen gases into the bulb. At high temperatures, the evaporated tungsten chemically reacts with the halogen, and the evaporated tungsten will resolidify on the tungsten filament to form a balanced cycle, preventing the tungsten filament from breaking prematurely. Therefore halogen bulbs live longer than incandescent lamps. In addition, halogen bulbs can also operate at higher temperatures than incandescent lamps. Their brightness and efficiency are also higher. However, ordinary glass may soften at this temperature. Therefore halogen bulbs need to use quartz glass with a higher melting point. Since quartz glass cannot block ultraviolet light, halogen bulbs usually require an additional ultraviolet filter. If there is oil in the crystal glass on the halogen bulb, it will cause different temperature on the glass and reduce the life of the bulb. Therefore, when replacing halogen bulbs, avoid touching the glass of the lamp with your hands.
ã€cordless lamp】
MIT researchers conducted a "wireless light bulb" experiment on June 10, 2007. The research team led by Sorja Gishek used two copper coils as resonators, one coil connected to the power supply as a transmitter, and the other connected to the desk lamp as a receiver. As a result, they successfully lit a 60-watt electric lamp that was 2.13 meters away from the transmitter. Moreover, experiments have shown that the “radio energy transmission†technology is not harmful to humans because the electromagnetic field only affects the items that can resonate with it.
[LED lights]
The structure and light-emitting principle of the LED 50 years ago, people have learned the basic knowledge that semiconductor materials can generate light. The first commercial diode was produced in 1960. LED is the abbreviation of English light emitting diode (LED), its basic structure is an electroluminescent semiconductor material, placed on a leaded shelf, and then sealed with epoxy resin around to protect the internal core Role, so the LED's seismic performance is good.
The LED structure diagram is shown in the figure below. The core part of the LED is a wafer composed of a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor. There is a transition layer between the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor, which is called a pn junction. In the PN junction of some semiconductor materials, the injected minority carrier and the majority carrier compound will release the excess energy in the form of light, thereby converting the electrical energy directly into light energy. The PN junction increases the reverse voltage, making it difficult for minority carriers to inject, so it does not emit light. This kind of diode made by the principle of injection electroluminescence is called light emitting diode, commonly known as LED. When it is in the forward working state (ie, the forward voltage is applied at both ends), the current flows from the anode of the LED to the cathode, and the semiconductor crystal emits light of different colors from ultraviolet to infrared. The intensity of the light is related to the current.
LED light source features 1. Voltage: LED uses a low voltage power supply, the supply voltage is between 6-24V, varies from product to product, so it is a safer power source than using a high voltage power supply, especially suitable for public places.
2. Efficiency: 80% less energy than incandescent lamps with the same efficacy
3. Applicability: Very small, each unit LED chip is a 3-5mm square, so it can be prepared into a variety of shapes of the device, and is suitable for a variable environment4. Stability: 100,000 hours, light decay is the initial 50%
5. Response time: The response time of its incandescent lamp is milliseconds, and the LED lamp response time is nanoseconds. Environmental pollution: No harmful metallic mercury 7. Color: change the current can change color, light-emitting diodes easily through chemical modification methods, adjust the energy band structure and band gap, to achieve multi-color red orange green blue light. If the LED is a red LED with a small current, it can turn orange, yellow, and finally green 8 as the current increases. Price: The price of LED is relatively expensive. Compared with incandescent lamps, the price of several LEDs can be equivalent to the price of an incandescent lamp. Generally, each set of signal lamps needs to consist of 300 to 500 diodes.
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