Currently in many places on the earth, we have been able to use wireless networks smoothly. But what happens when we send a signal to a planet that has never been visited before?
Space network is a two-way communication between base stations on earth and unmanned space probes, planetary exploration vehicles, orbiting satellites or manned spacecraft. These radio signals return news, images and scientific discoveries. Someday they will be used for communication between settlements on the earth and the moon or Mars. Of course, this is not just a simple "call" to Mars. The outer space network is very different from our experience on Earth. The signal travels at the speed of light, which means that it may take 20 minutes or more for the radio signal to reach the Mars rover, which is like returning to dial-up networking.
In addition to extremely slow communications, space networks also face reliability challenges. If a space probe malfunctions near Pluto, scientists cannot accurately order it to return to the laboratory; or when the Mars rover stops moving on the surface of Mars, it cannot open the trunk and take out spare parts.
Therefore, all components in a space communication system must be able to withstand high radiation levels, severe temperature fluctuations, and have a long service life. The Space.com report states: "Even during the shortest round trip between Earth and Mars, the radiation dose received by astronauts is nearly 66 rem. This amount is equivalent to a full-body CT scan every five or six days.
Temperature also affects reliability. Outside the earth's atmosphere, the temperature of objects under sunlight can reach 248 degrees Fahrenheit, while the temperature of objects in shadow can reach minus 148 degrees Fahrenheit. According to NASA data, the temperature range on Mars ranges from -284 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit.
For systems such as the Mars rover, efficiency is another challenge. How effectively can the rover make full use of power before sending data or images back to Earth?
A small step for GaN (and GaAs), a big step for space networks
The harsh environment of deep space is ideal for gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium nitride (GaN). These two compound semiconductor technologies are essential to the challenging conditions inherent in space exploration and, most importantly, communications back to the earth.
GaAs is a compound semiconductor that has been the de facto standard for space applications for decades. GaAs amplifiers and switches are robust and reliable, and have been used on multiple space platforms including communications and navigation satellites. However, the emerging standard is GaN. GaN solutions can operate reliably at higher temperatures and have a lifetime that is 100 times longer than traditional technologies. GaN can also provide higher output power and data throughput in a smaller package, reducing energy consumption by up to 20%.
Hundreds of GaAs and GaN-based network solutions have been launched in space applications. These solutions include orbiting satellites used to support key projects, such as Boeing Spaceway for broadband data, telecommunications and GPS.
NASA has also been relying on network technology to transmit its findings. In 1997, NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency launched the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft to Saturn in a cooperative mission. The Cassini-Huygens probe contains key equipment designed to enable it to communicate with spacecraft during its mission on the surface of the Saturn satellite Titan. Qorvo's gallium arsenide (GaAs) technology is the key to sending research results back to earth.
A few years later, Mars became the destination of NASA's Valor and Opportunity rover, which were also equipped with GaAs amplifiers. The two rover arrived on Mars in 2004. With the combination of excellent design and interstellar devices, the Valor continued to operate and communicate with the Earth until 2010. Its sister rover Opportunity is still in operation today and sends data to scientists around the world.
Subsequently, NASA launched the New Horizons spacecraft to Pluto in 2006. The communication system components helped New Horizons continue to operate for nine years and transmitted the first high-resolution images of Pluto back to Earth. New Horizons was the first spacecraft to visit the Kuiper Belt, a large area at least more than 1 billion miles from Neptune, containing small orbiting ice bodies.
In 2012, the sky crane landing radar of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) and the Curiosity rover also carried similar components. In the famous seven-minute voyage of terror, the Internet is essential for the safe landing of Curiosity on the surface of Mars.
For science fiction enthusiasts, we are also monitoring radio waves to find intelligent life. The best way to search for aliens is to use RF! Space requires the reliability and efficiency of extraterrestrial networks to be raised to a new "super earthly" level, with the help of suitable RF technology, to fly into the universe, the vastness of the universe!
Qorvo in space
Pluto New Horizons: Qorvo helps send images from Pluto back to Earth
Space communications via Qorvo: Saturn Cassini-Huygens, Mars Valor and Opportunity
Qorvo technology helps Curiosity rover land on Mars
Qorvo has been in orbit for twenty years (and will continue to operate)
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