The Micro LED display is a screen made up of tiny versions of GaN chips. The efficacy of Micro LEDs is twice or three times that of current OLED and LCD screens, and the brightness is several orders of magnitude higher. As a result, many start-ups and many large equipment manufacturers are competing to create the first commercial Micro LED display.
Most start-ups choose to develop so-called monolithic displays that are combined in a single chip or two chips. This may be a shortcut to success, but it may only work on very small screens, such as those required for AR devices.
Apple has sufficient financial resources and started earlier, and it is facing higher technical difficulties. In Apple's vision, Micro LEDs can be used in smart watches and eventually used in larger areas. There is such a startup that believes that it can compete with Apple and may even beat Apple to develop a Micro LED smartphone screen.
Reza Chaji, chief executive of VueReal, a startup based in Waterloo, Ontario, said that with the current usage model, the smartphone can be used for at least two days without charging. But he said that at UHD resolution, smartphone applications are the most demanding for Micro LEDs. If the Micro LED smartphone can be used normally, it is possible to create a large screen of any size with the same or even lesser difficulty, which is why VueReal is currently focusing on smartphones.
Unlike monolithic displays, the pixels of the screen that VueReal and Apple are exploring are composed of a single LED chip. This has created three manufacturing problems.
First, LEDs are very efficient when they appear in the size of the illumination, but reducing them to the micron level reduces their efficiency. Moreover, LEDs have a wider area that allows current to flow through and produce light. As the chip becomes smaller, the ratio of the boundary to the illuminant is close to 1:1, and the efficiency is lowered.
Second, the display cannot tolerate "errors." The 99% yield may sound good, but on the display, the effect will be poor. For Ultra HD resolution, this means more than 250,000 dead pixels that consumers will definitely notice.
Finally, there is another question, how to transfer 20 million LEDs to the corresponding position on the screen in less than a few weeks.
According to Chaji, VueReal solves the above three problems. However, the last question is the most critical, and observers believe that this is also in stark contrast to what Apple is doing. Although Apple did not talk about its Micro LED display manufacturing technology, Chaji and others who are concerned about Apple's patents believe that Apple is developing a huge "pick and drop" transfer technology to transfer LEDs in batches.
Chaji did not disclose how RealVue's technology works, but he said: "The technology is capable of a large number of parallel transfers... so it can be placed in a TV set in 10 minutes," he said. It is more like copying or document printing. "Apple may be ahead of us because they started very early, but in the long run, our solution will exceed the 'pick and drop' technology."
VueReal is scheduled to be fully operational in 2021, when technology, equipment and materials will be provided to display manufacturing partners.
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