HSPA+ networks have been deployed on a large scale around the world. As of the end of 2010, there are 148 HSPA+ commercial network evolution plans in 67 countries, of which 103 networks have been deployed in 57 countries (including 13 dual-carrier 42 Mbit/s HSPA+, 11 MIMO 28 Mbit). /s HSPA+, 79 64QAM 21 Mbit/s HSPA+); the number of terminals supporting HSPA+ has reached 63, and the number of dual-mode terminals supporting HSPA-LTE has reached 27.
The deployment of LTE networks is also beginning to emerge, and its development momentum has a tendency to come to the fore. As of January 2011, there are 17 official commercial LTE networks in 15 countries and regions, 52 pre-commercial LTE trial networks, and 128 LTE commercial commitments in 52 countries. It is expected that there will be at least 64 commercial LTE networks worldwide by 2012. Currently, 26 vendors can provide 47 LTE commercial terminals, including 4 mobile phones.
HSPA+ and LTE have a lot of similarities and differences in many key technologies. This paper compares the similarities and differences between these key technologies.
1 Network architecture evolved from tier to flat
HSPA+ uses the same network architecture as WCDMA and is a layered architecture based on multiple different nodes and interfaces. The Node B is responsible for physical layer processing such as error correction, modulation, spreading, and conversion of the RF signal transmitted from the baseband to the antenna. The RNC controls multiple Node Bs through the Iub interface, manages call setup, service quality processing, and radio resource management of the cell, and connects to the core network through the Iu interface. The RNCs are connected by an Iur interface to implement switching across RNCs. The benefit of the layered approach is that it provides a specific structure for the overall processing, so that each layer is responsible for different parts of the wireless access function.
After determining that LTE does not need to support uplink and downlink macro diversity functions, LTE adopts a single-node network architecture following the design principle of minimizing network nodes. The immediate benefit of a flat architecture is that it reduces the number of network entities, shortens signaling and data transfer time, and improves transmission efficiency. LTE combines the RCDMA and Node B of WCDMA into one, and generates a new network node (eNode B), which is responsible for managing a series of cells. Since the eNode B inherits most of the functions of the RNC, it is more complex than the Node B. It is responsible for single cell RRM, handover, user scheduling in the cell, and the like. The eNode B is connected to the core network through the S1 interface, and the S1 interface is similar to the Iu interface. The eNode B is connected by an X2 interface, and is mainly used to support mobility in an active mode, and is only used between eNode Bs of adjacent cells. Figure 1 shows the WCDMA/HSPA and LTE network architecture.
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