What is the type of electrical line and equipment failure?

Short circuit is a serious accident. Every effort should be made to prevent it. However, sometimes for some needs, it is often artificially short-circuited in a part of the line, in order to check and analyze the fault. This is the "short circuit method" commonly used during maintenance.

The short-circuit faults are caused by: the insulation of the wires is broken and contact with each other to cause the wires to touch; the external wirings such as the switch, the junction box, and the lamp holder are loose, causing the wires to collide; the wiring is inadvertently operated or the two wires are in contact with each other due to an error. Or the line head directly touches the ground.

(2) Leakage failure. The main causes of leakage are: poor insulation of electrical circuits and equipment; dampness of connecting wires; aging and damage of insulation.

When the leakage is serious, not only will the wire be heated. The power consumption will increase. It will also cause the body to be charged and contact with the hand. It will even be shocked.

Leakage faults have a high incidence in electrical circuit faults, especially in rural power and lighting lines. This is mainly caused by a special working environment (affected by rain, snow and oxidation).

(3) Open circuit failure. The so-called open circuit (also known as open circuit) means that a certain point in the line is disconnected for some reason, no current flows through the circuit, and the electric load cannot work normally. The line has an open circuit fault, mostly due to the broken wire. The connection point is loose or the contact is poor. In the lighting circuit, it is often caused by long-term oxidation of the wire connection.

(4) Deterioration failure. The so-called deterioration, for electrical equipment . That is, the components are too far from the required parameters. If the resistance increases, the capacitance becomes smaller, the triode amplification factor becomes smaller, the penetration current becomes larger, the temperature characteristics deteriorate, and the reverse resistance becomes smaller.

When overhauling electrical circuits and equipment, grasping these essentials on the basis of understanding the principles can quickly eliminate the fault.