Since the 1970s, with the rapid development and popularization of new technologies, new materials, and new energy sources such as information and communication, bioelectronics, and nanotechnology, modern manufacturing technologies such as artificial intelligence, digital manufacturing, industrial robots, and 3D printing have continued to break through. Gradually mature, coupled with the launch of a series of strategic initiatives aimed at revitalizing the manufacturing industry in the major industrialized countries after the 2008 financial crisis, the global industrial development model is undergoing tremendous changes, and the world is in the process of introducing the “third industrial revolutionâ€. .
Specific connotation
How to define and divide ambiguity, but the trend has been established and is developing rapidly, and will introduce new requirements for changes in industrial organization, corporate competitive strategy and organizational structure.
At present, academic circles and government departments at home and abroad generally believe that human beings are entering a new round of technological economic cycles, but there is no consensus on specific definitions and divisions. Academician Kateney, chairman of the Department of Biomedical and Bioengineering at the Royal Academy of Engineering, believes that biotechnology breakthroughs centered on the coupling of systems biology and synthetic biology are brewing the "third industrial revolution" of humanity; EU futurist Rifkin believes that The “Third Industrial Revolution†that is developing is the result of the convergence of Internet-based communication technologies and renewable energy systems; while Professor Brownie Jefferson of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology believes that human beings are undergoing advances in digital technology. Driven by the "second mechanical era."
Regardless of how academics debate, the trend of the new industrial revolution has been established and is rapidly evolving. However, most of the key technologies involved in this change are still undergoing exploratory research and have not yet entered the stage of large-scale application. Moreover, the dominant business forms and supporting systems that are compatible with these technologies are still immature and still in a diversified exploration stage. If we divide a complete technical economic cycle into two stages of “import†and “expansionâ€, then we judge that human beings are currently in the introduction period of “the third industrial revolutionâ€.
The “Third Industrial Revolution†not only achieves a significant reduction in production costs through the organic combination of various elements such as information, machinery, knowledge, management and skills, but also achieves a significant increase in product versatility and product performance, and new products. Significant reductions in the development cycle and significant improvements in capacity flexibility have led to a comprehensive optimization of business operations.
In the context of the "third industrial revolution", complex manufacturing technology systems will promote the transformation of industrial organization structure from traditional large enterprise-led and supply chain-oriented to industrial ecological, platform technology and platform-based enterprises in industrial ecology. The dominant role will become increasingly prominent. The focus of the enterprise's competitive strategy is not to form a large enough scale, not only effective supply chain management, but how to acquire and maintain dynamic capabilities in a constantly changing dynamic environment. Strategic flexibility becomes more important than operational efficiency. In order to better adapt to the individualized and socialized production methods, the organizational structure of the enterprise must be further flattened, and the ownership and control of the enterprise must be sank from the company's top-level decision-making system to the knowledge-oriented employees closer to the market.
Strategic preparation
In order to take the lead and make full use of the opportunities of the new industrial revolution, developed countries are preparing for the strategy, launching various changes and striving to reshape the leading position in global manufacturing.
The United States strives to achieve its four strategic goals
First, vigorously promote the industrialization of innovation results: On the one hand, the government has repeatedly lowered the threshold for listing of venture enterprises, and promoted the commercialization of a large number of laboratory technologies; on the other hand, the government promoted the application demonstration project of new products and utilized the domestic high-end consumer groups. To achieve market growth first, the United States became the first country to enjoy the fruits of the industrial revolution.
Second, improve the talent potential that can lead the competition in the future industry: Through immigration policy reform, the United States hopes to attract high-end global talents, thereby forming the next generation of innovators, researchers and skilled workers in the country to meet the requirements of the “third industrial revolutionâ€. Groups to achieve sustained competitiveness.
Third, increase manufacturing productivity through smart innovation and smart manufacturing. In order to offset the high labor costs, the United States has strengthened the application of information technology high-performance computers in technological innovation, and at the same time created and promoted advanced manufacturing cluster networks and smart factory ecosystems that are suitable for the characteristics of national human resources.
Fourth, build a new industrial infrastructure system represented by distributed energy systems, the Internet of Things, and the next generation Internet. With government funding, US states are developing and deploying smart, sustainable, and flexible energy, transportation, production, and information infrastructure that are the third industrial revolution that has spawned new industries and new formats. The foundation also helps the US manufacturing industry to reduce the supporting costs and form a rapid response capability.
Japan scale technical strategy map
First, the government has increased its financial investment in developing cutting-edge technologies such as 3D printers. In 2014, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry continued to list 3D printers as a priority policy. It plans to invest 4.5 billion yen in the year and implement a large-scale research and development project called “Production Revolution with 3D Modeling Technology as the Coreâ€. Horizontal metal powder molding with a 3D printer.
Second, quickly update manufacturing technology to improve product manufacturing competitiveness. In recent years, there have been three new phenomena in Japanese manufacturing. First, the number of enterprises adopting “small production lines†increased: Honda reduced the production line by 40% by adopting new technologies to reduce the number of paintings and reducing the heat treatment process, and reduced the welding production line from 18 processes to 9 channels by changing the body structure design. , the world's shortest high-end model production line has been built; Second, the number of enterprises using small equipment has increased: Japan Denso Corporation has reformed the production equipment and processes of aluminum die-casting parts, which has reduced the production cost of casting lines by 30% and the equipment area by 80%. The energy consumption is reduced by 50%. The third is to break through the cost bottleneck through robots, unmanned carriers, unmanned factories, and “cell production methodsâ€: Canon’s “cellular production methods†to “mechanical cell methods†to the world. The first digital camera unmanned factory has greatly increased cost competitiveness.
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