The storage technology is developing rapidly, and the storage cost is getting lower and lower. But the U disk we bought, the hard disk capacity will still be much less than the nominal value. Is the manufacturer still has other difficulties in order to save costs? Today, let us From a chip perspective, find out why the actual capacity of a storage device is always deeper than the nominal value.
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With the rapid development of storage technology, the storage density and storage speed of the memory chip have been greatly improved, and the cost of the memory chip is continuously decreasing. I still remember that it took 60 oceans to buy an 8G U disk a few years ago. Now it only costs more than 20 yuan, and the mobile phone has soared from the 4G body memory a few years ago to the current 64G, 128G memory.
That being said, but we buy the goods on hand, whether it is a USB flash drive, hard disk or mobile phone or even a memory chip, the available storage capacity is not consistent with the nominal capacity, always a few megabytes or even a few G. We can't help but ask, now that storage costs are getting lower and lower, how are these vendors still so embarrassing. And here, I have to ask a question: 8G chip, how much we can use.
Speaking of memory chips, the variety can be described as colorful, EEPROM, Nor Flash, Nand Flash, eMMC, etc. Nor Flash and Nand Flash are the two main non-volatile flash memory chips on the market. The cell size of Nand flash is almost NOR device. Half of the production process is simpler, and the Nand structure can provide higher capacity within a given mold size, which in turn reduces the price. At the same time, because Nand Flash erases much faster than Nor Flash, Nand Flash is more widely used in mass storage. For example, U disk, SSD solid state drive and main storage unit in eMMC memory are Nand Flash applications.
Remember my question, 8G chip, how much we can use, the actual capacity is less than the nominal capacity generally occurs in Nand Flash and eMMC chip, and the main storage unit of eMMC chip is also Nand, Nand Flash has countless behind Halo, but the family has this difficult experience, Nand due to the production process and structure, can not avoid the bad block, some manufacturers have also done efforts to eliminate bad blocks, but the effect is not ideal, bad block It is randomly generated, so the manufacturer can not fully control the capacity of the available storage blocks. Generally, the storage capacity available to eMMC chip users will reach more than 90% of the nominal capacity. For example, the storage capacity of an eMMC chip of Samsung is as follows:
It is precisely because of the existence of bad blocks, we get the chip, the 8G capacity clearly indicated in the data sheet, we can not use 8G.
Secondly, many small partners have a misunderstanding that 1GB=1024MB=1024KB=1024Byte, which is correct in most cases, but in fact many of the nominal capacity is calculated according to 1GB=1000MB=1000KB=1000Byte, 1999 International The Electrician Association (IEC) has developed the "KiB, MiB, GiB" binary units, in fact, these units are converted according to 1024. In this way, the 8G chip we purchased, even in the absence of bad blocks, has a capacity of only about 8×1000^3÷1024^3≈7.45G. This capacity is not very familiar. The storage units used by mainstream operating systems are as follows:
Microsoft and Android use the GiB unit, and many U disk and hard disk are GB units. This also explains the problem of buying a few U disk with hundreds of megabytes.
Having said that, the problem is coming. For these reasons, for the eMMC chip, since it is impossible to judge the specific capacity of the chip, there will be a lot of trouble for the programming of the chip, and writing a file that exceeds the capacity of the chip will result in defective products. appear. At present, the domestic ZLG Zhiyuan electronic P800 programmer, through software detection, can determine whether the burning file is out of bounds before programming the chip, promptly:
It can effectively avoid the appearance of defective products. At the same time, the burning speed can reach the limit burning speed of any eMMC chip, and the maximum burning capacity can be maximized.
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