Programmable logic has the flexibility that traditional discrete ICs cannot provide. Application-specific features can be easily created using field-programmable gate arrays and complex programmable logic devices with off-the-shelf development tools. Button switch input debounce is an example of such a function.
Figure 1 below illustrates an effective debounce logic. This circuit continuously records the logic level of the button to FF1 and then to FF2, so that FF1 and FF2 always store the last two logic levels of this button. When these two values ​​remain equal for the specified time, FF3 is enabled and through it records the stable value to the result output.
Figure 1: Logic circuit debounce
The timing is completed by the XOR gate and the N-bit counter. If the level of the button changes, the values ​​of FF1 and FF2 differ within one clock cycle, thereby clearing the N-bit counter through the XOR gate. If the level of the button is unchanged (ie, if FF1 and FF2 are at the same logic level), the XOR gate releases the counter's synchronous clear function and the counter starts counting. The counter continues to increment in this manner until (1) reaches the specified time and the output registers are enabled, or (2) is interrupted and cleared by the XOR gate because the logic level of the button has not stabilized.
The size of the counter determines the time required to verify the stability of the button. When the counter is incremented until its carry output bit is asserted, it will stop incrementing itself and enable output register FF3. The current will remain in this state until another button value is recorded to FF1, clearing the counter through the XOR gate.
A load cell (force transducer) is a physical element that can translate pressure or force into an electrical signal. The most common type is the strain gauge load cell, which is a mechanical element of which the force is being sensed by the deformation of a (or several) strain gauges on the element. It converts a force such as tension, compression, pressure, or torque into an electrical signal that can be measured and standardized. As the force applied to the load cells increases, the electrical output signal changes proportionally. Load cells are designed to measure a specific force, and ignore other forces being applied. The electrical signal output by the load cell is very small and requires specialized amplification. Load cells are designed to measure force in one direction. They will often measure force in other directions, but the sensor sensitivity will be different, since parts of the load cell operating under compression are now in tension, and vice versa.
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