When troubleshooting electrical equipment, how do you judge the location or nature of the fault from the appearance?


When troubleshooting electrical equipment, how do you judge the location or nature of the fault from the appearance?

This is a kind of instrument and instrument without using it. Eyes or other sensory organs only. Eye (see), ear (listening), nose (smell), hand (dial and touch). And use the necessary tools (such as a screwdriver) to check the appearance (table) of the electrical circuit or equipment to find the damaged part or the cause of the malfunction. This method of inspection is very simple and very effective for overhauling electrical circuit and equipment failures.

(1) Seeing. First observe whether the wiring terminals, various switches, fuses, circuit breakers, buttons, knobs, etc. on the electrical circuit or equipment are in normal position or are loose (refer to circuit breakers, fuses, etc.). Then power on. Observe the electrical circuit. Or there is no abnormality such as smoking or fire at the relevant parts of the equipment. After the power is cut off, if necessary, observe whether the connection of the corresponding part and the knife, switch and connection are abnormal or hot. Whether the circuit board and the integrated block of the electronic control circuit are broken or damaged. Transistors, capacitors, resistors, transformers and other components are free from defects, burns and bursts. Is there any burnt mark or bulge on the wire? Is there any broken indentation? In the case where power is allowed, it is also possible to observe whether the operation of the electrical equipment related to the electrical equipment and the operation of the transmission system are normal.

(2) Listening to the ear. After the electrical circuit and equipment are energized, listen carefully for abnormal sounds. If there is no fire at the line joint, whether there is any mechanical part hitting when the electrical equipment is running, and whether the relay has normal suction sound when pressing a certain function key. Wait. The ear listening method can also accumulate a perceptual knowledge of the startup of various electrical circuits or devices, the opening or closing of various switches, and the maintenance of various electrical circuits and equipment failures.

(3) Hand touch (push, pull). Lightly pull the wiring of various electrical lines or equipment, drive belt pulleys, etc. According to the hand feeling, it is judged whether the contact is firm and the tightness is normal. As long as you continue to accumulate practical experience of the feel. Faulty parts or faulty components (parts) can also be quickly discovered by hand.

(4) Nasal smell. Noisy smells or other strange smells appear on the electric circuit or equipment. Find out the parts or components that emit the smell (zero line, wiring), and also help the maintenance work smoothly. Through the above visual inspection, for some obvious hard faults, such as burning, disconnection, abnormal temperature rise, etc., it can be discovered in time, so that the fault can be eliminated in time. For some difficult faults, some "clusters" can be found through visual inspection. According to these "spirits", the necessary detection, analysis and judgment can also quickly eliminate the fault.

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