1.1 New choice in the era of self-luminous display: Micro-LED
Color display technology has been moving toward higher image quality and lower energy consumption. Higher picture quality means wider color gamut, higher contrast, and more realistic color display; while lower power consumption means great for mobile devices, meaning more lasting battery life and more features that can be added.
Color display, after CRT tube, plasma and other display technologies, liquid crystal display (LCD) has become the mainstream of display technology, OLED is the next generation display mode that is growing rapidly. Different from LCD, backlight module must be used. OLED uses organic light-emitting diode as self-luminous light source, and many indicators are better than LCD. This also means that self-luminous display technology will become the mainstream of future display technology.
Micro-LEDs are miniature LEDs that are high-density integrated LED arrays. The LED pixels in the array are on the order of 10 microns, and each LED pixel can self-illuminate. Compared with LCD display technology and LED display technology using LED backlight backplane, Micro-LED has the characteristics of high luminous efficiency, low power consumption, fast response and long life. At present, manufacturers including Sony, Apple, Samsung and other companies regard Micro-LED as the next generation display technology and continuously strengthen R&D investment.
Micro-LED display technology is to miniaturize the traditional inorganic LED array, and each LED pixel size of 10 micron size can be independently addressed and illuminated. In a nutshell, it can be seen that the size of the small pitch LED is further reduced to the order of 10 microns. The display mode of the Micro-LED is very straightforward, and the 10-micron-scale LED chip is connected to the TFT driving substrate, thereby achieving precise control of the brightness of each chip, thereby realizing image display.
Micro-LED realizes color display, mainly has two solutions, RGB three-color LED method, ultraviolet (UV) LED / blue LED + illuminating medium method. The RGB three-color scheme consists of three RGB three-color LEDs in each pixel. Generally, the positive and negative electrodes (P and N electrodes) of each LED are connected to the circuit base by means of flip-chip or inspection. The LED full-color driver chip is used to address and independently drive each LED chip to achieve imaging.
The method of superimposing a luminescent medium by an ultraviolet (UV) LED or a blue LED can also be used to achieve full color display. For example, using a blue LED, a color display can be realized with a red and green illuminating medium, which is very similar to the QD LCD display scheme of the In panel described above. Luminescent media are generally classified into phosphors and quantum dot materials. Quantum dots have the characteristics of high luminous efficiency and good ochre, so the quantum dot display has the characteristics of high color purity. In addition, the coating techniques currently used include spin coating, spray coating, etc., and the mist-like quantum dot materials are uniformly sprayed onto the ultraviolet micro-LED and blue-light micro-LED to realize color conversion. At present, the main problem that the solution needs to solve is that the quantum dot technology is not mature enough to withstand high temperature, so it must be insulated with the Micro-LED chip; ensure the uniformity of color in the spraying process and avoid the quantum dots of different colors. Problems such as mutual interference also need to be further resolved.
In summary, the natural performance advantages of inorganic LED materials make Micro-LED display technology a promising new technology. First of all, compared with OLED and quantum dot materials, inorganic LED materials not only have the characteristics of high luminous efficiency, but more importantly, they are not affected by water vapor, oxygen or high temperature, so they are stable, service life and working temperature. Has obvious advantages. Secondly, as a display screen for mobile phones, wearable devices, VR/AR devices, Micro-LED displays have the characteristics of low power consumption and high resolution, which have the same obvious advantages for improving the user experience.
At present, the pixel size of the LED display screen is large, in the order of centimeters and millimeters, which results in an unsatisfactory degree of image display. As technology advances, Micro-LED technology with smaller pixel sizes offers great potential.
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