When science and technology enter the 21st century, the information industry is developing at a high speed, and people's requirements for living environment are also increasing with the growth of the economy. They are increasingly hoping to see a smart, comfortable and humane high-quality living environment. Along with the economic development, the global energy overdraft, the government's standards for energy consumption have become higher and higher, energy conservation, emission reduction, environmental protection, low energy consumption, which have become the driving force for the continuous development of intelligent buildings. Under the situation of intelligent living, the intelligent building that continuously develops energy-saving materials and optimizes the monitoring system has gradually become the mainstream trend of the new generation.
1. Development and preliminary research on building intelligence
1.1 Definition and development of intelligent buildings
Intelligent building is an emerging product of the combination of Internet technology and architectural art in the 21st century. It is optimized according to the needs of users, taking into account environmentally friendly issues; comfort of living; efficiency of work, building safety issues, etc. Provide a comfortable, efficient and humane living environment.
In 1984, the first intelligent building with the concept of CITYPLACE was built in Hartford, USA. From then on, the intelligent buildings quickly flourished in Europe and Japan. In 1990, Beijing's “Development Building†opened the prelude to China's intelligent buildings, followed by a large number of intelligent building buildings in Shanghai, Guangdong and Shenzhen.
Up to now, intelligent buildings have become commonplace in large and medium-sized cities in China, and the intelligentization of residential communities has reached 90% in economically developed areas. With the continuous advancement of technology, intelligent building intelligence aims to create a safe and efficient living environment, emphasizing the theme of health, intelligence and energy conservation, and applying computer technology and communication technology to building structures to reduce air conditioning, ventilation and lighting in buildings. Energy consumption in other areas can be more than 30% energy saving than conventional construction.
1.2 Intelligent Guarantee-4C Technology Application
The traditional control technology habitually concentrates the control system on one device for management, but the cost is high and the efficiency is low. In recent years, intelligent buildings gradually adopt equipment dispersion and management centralized mode, for systems with different building functions such as air conditioners. , lighting, etc., will be assigned a separate controller and control subsystem, based on 4C technology (Computer computer technology, Control control technology, Communication communication technology, CRT graphics display technology), through BAS integration technology for all systems, sub- The system performs monitoring and management, so that each system becomes an organic whole, and the sub-systems can connect with each other, exchange information, and jointly manage the system operation.
2. The operating principle of integrated control technology with BAS as the core
2.1 Technical key of BAS: integrated control technology
Because the equipment subsystems provided by different manufacturers are different, the connection between the subsystems becomes difficult, and the integrated control is to standardize the production of the equipment through standardized protocols, so that the automatic control equipment can be integrated and the systems can be freely connected. Communication, thereby saving control costs, reducing investment costs, reducing operating and maintenance costs, and facilitating operation and maintenance. LonWorks is an open control technology for equipment monitoring systems. It is also the basic technology of integrated control technology. It is a network control technology implemented on the seven-layer protocol of IOS using neuron chip technology. It can integrate the air conditioners, lighting, fire protection, drainage, elevators and other equipments of different manufacturers to reduce installation costs and save operating costs. Compared with the traditional control system, LonWorks technology does not have a central controller, which saves a part of the capital and cost of the system, and uses the neuron chip as a node to process, using the same communication protocol, through the highly integrated neuron. The node processor can exchange information with other nodes to complete the integration of the entire system.
2.2 Three-layer grid structure for integrated control
As the basis of the three systems of intelligent building, the intelligent building BAS system uses the technology of feedforward control technology and digital communication to realize integrated control with three-layer grid structure. The first layer is the control domain of Ethernet as the trunk, which is the data concentration. The center of processing and control completes the intelligent control of the system; the second layer collects the data of the field devices independently by each substation, and then the substations are centralized to transmit data with the central control station; the third substation passes the control The devices are connected to each other to realize the incoming and outgoing signals between the substation and the device, and then the substation connector is connected with the substation bus, so that the whole system connection is called the whole, and the systems and subsystems are connected to each other for installation and maintenance. ,cut costs.
2.3 Application of four subsystems guarantees building intelligence
Electrical equipment automation system: The automation of various electrical equipment is the basis of building intelligentization, such as monitoring the central air conditioner, adjusting the cooling and heating of the air conditioner in time, saving the energy consumption of the building, and ensuring the normal operation of the lighting and ventilation system.
Fire protection system: With the increase of construction equipment, the damage caused by fire is immeasurable. For this reason, the fire protection system is equipped with equipment such as smoke alarm and fire detection, so that the system can detect the fire occurrence point in time and control the disaster situation. The degree of loss reduction.
Security system: Security is the security of the entire building. It uses advanced electronic monitoring equipment to monitor all aspects of the building without dead angle monitoring. Several systems, including anti-theft, monitoring and alarm, escort the security of the building.
Audio system: In the broadcast program or alarm program of the building, the audio system is the key. The conference room, shopping place, guest room and multi-function hall all need audio, so ensuring the transmission quality of the audio system is an indispensable task.
3. Application of integrated control technology in intelligent building industry
3.1 Examples of BAS application deployment Foshan Global International Plaza:
(1) The central air conditioner adopts the BA technology as the core monitoring system, automatically processes the air quality, and automatically adjusts the temperature change according to the number of indoor workers. At the same time, the system also has functions such as remote control, automatic switch, and retains data for duty. Personnel monitoring.
(2) Lighting subsystems including indoor intelligent lighting, building facade decoration, floor lighting, etc. all use intelligent lighting and control systems to minimize energy consumption.
(3) Through the time-based control and billing system of the coiling machine, not only timely and accurate metering of the water meter , electric meter and air-conditioning energy meter of the building, but also remote automatic control and automatic closing under the condition of BA monitoring technology Valve function to achieve energy saving in the building.
3.2 Statistics on cost reduction and energy consumption reduction brought by integrated control technology
For the entire life cycle of a building, 40% of the cost is related to energy. As far as Global International Plaza is concerned, the annual labor cost of the building can be saved by about 350,000 yuan. After adopting the building intelligent monitoring system, the building can save labor costs of 270,000 yuan per year.
The Sino-German Ecological Park Experience Center in the West Coast New District of Qingdao uses intelligent building control technology to save energy consumption of 1.3 million kWh per year. The operating cost is reduced by 500,000 yuan, which is more than 90% higher than the national standard. After the operation of the first green intelligent building in Chongqing, the energy saving rate of the whole building is 79%, and the water saving rate is about 58%. The annual electricity bill can be saved by nearly 1.17 million yuan, the water fee is more than 40,000, and the standard coal tonnage It also reduced 828 tons and reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 2,174 tons.
to sum up
Internet technology occupies a very large proportion in the control system of existing intelligent buildings. In the next few years, Internet, cloud computing, big data, and the hot technologies in modern life will naturally be linked to smart buildings, such as large-scale data preservation. Technology to solve the problem of low data retention time; more efficient data management operation technology to achieve increasingly large data collection management; better system control to more accurately control increasingly complex building systems. In addition, on the existing basis, the future of intelligent buildings will be integrated into emerging multi-disciplinary technologies such as environmental ecology, bioengineering, and new materials science, pursuing more economical building area, simpler biometric identification, and more beautiful design. Styling, more powerful data processing and a more comfortable living environment.
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