Researchers at the University of Oregon in the United States have shown that a nanohorn can be made from a variety of different atoms, not just pure carbon. This toroidal nanostructure can be used to optimize energy efficiency for solar cells, OLEDs or sensors.
This nanoring, the "cycloparaphenylene (CPP) chemical molecule, can be designed as a material that absorbs and emits energy more efficiently.
Schematic diagram of the structure of a nanoring doped with a nitrogen atom. Researchers at the University of Oregon show that the combination of nitrogen atoms and carbon atoms helps to improve energy efficiency and performance.
The study was led by Oregon University professor Ramesh JasTI and his Ph.D. student Evan R. Darzi. Evan R. Darzi's research paper is a proof of concept for this manufacturing process, and further research is needed to fully Master the various effects and applications of the nano ring.
According to JasTI, the 1nm nanoring provides a new type of structure that is between a long-chain polymer and a small, low-volume molecule that can be used for energy or optical components. JasTI has conducted postdoctoral research at the Molecular Foundry in the LBNL National Laboratory (LBNL), where he first synthesized these molecular types in 2008.
“These structures add to the development tools and provide new ways to make organic electronic materials,†explains JasTI. “This ring compound can behave like a polymer with hundreds of units, but only about 6-8 units. Around. By adding non-carbon atoms, we are able to change its optical and electronic properties."
This nanoring has a controllable energy gap, which solves the material challenge – its energy is between the valence band and the conductive strip and is critical for the design of organic semiconductors. Currently, long-chain materials based on polymers work best.
"For example, if you can control the energy gap, you can determine the color of the light," Jasti said. “In electronic devices, you may also need to match the energy levels and electrodes. In solar photovoltaic systems, the sunlight you want to capture must also match the energy gap to improve efficiency and enhance the ability to optimally align different components. Everything depends on the energy level of the molecule. According to our research, the smaller the nanoring is, the smaller the energy gap is."
In order to prove that this method is feasible, Darzi simultaneously synthesizes various nanorings using carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms, and observes its behavior. "What we show is this charged nitrogen atom, which makes the nanoring a receptor for electrons, and the other part becomes a donor for electrons," Jasti said.
“In addition to the size of the nanoring, this addition of other elements (such as nitrogen) gives us another way to manipulate energy levels. Now we have confirmed that the properties of the nanoring can be easily controlled, and these Molecules can exhibit a new class of organic semiconductors that resemble conductive polymers. With nanorings, other things can be added to the ring structure and doped to change properties or detect analytes."
Jasti's early research focused on making the nanoring a carbon-based compound, and his team's subsequent research focused on unique and unpredictable electronic and optical properties.
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